Can GPS track when the phone is turned off?

Will the phone turn off GPS and be tracked? In terms of technology, tracking will be carried out because in addition to GPS signal tracking, there are also mobile phone triangle tracking, SIM card tracking and wifi tracking. GPS is turned off, but there is no GPS tracking, there are other tracking sources. We can track many devices, not only GPS trackers, mobile satellite positioning, satellite navigation and even mobile phone applications. The diversification of tracking methods makes us have to use products other than GPS jammer to protect ourselves. In this age of technology, we should understand this even more.